Major Wound Care

Crush Injuries

A crushing force can cause extensive bruising of the parts of the body affected. There also may be other complications, including fractures or ruptured organs. When the crushed area is limited to a smaller body area, such as a hand or foot, the injury is considered serious, but is not usually life-threatening. However, a major crush injury may cause compartment syndrome which requires medical help immediately. Compartment syndrome occurs when excessive pressure builds up inside the body, usually from bleeding or swelling after an injury. The dangerously high pressure in compartment syndrome can cut off the flow of blood through the affected body area.

Severe shock can develop after a casualty is released from the weight that caused the crush injury. When the crushing force is removed, fluids from the crushed tissues leak into surrounding tissues. This causes shock.

When muscle is crushed, it releases the contents of muscle cells into the blood. Therefore, if the injury is large, it can cause kidney failure. This is called crush syndrome, which is also known as post-traumatic acute renal (kidney) failure.

First Aid for Crush Injuries

To give first aid for crush injuries, perform the following steps:

1. Perform a scene survey and a primary survey.
2. Give first aid for shock right away. Even if there are no signs, shock will probably develop.
3. Call for medical help and give ongoing casualty care.