Major Wound Care

Abdominal Injuries

Abdominal wounds may be closed or open. Closed wounds occur when internal abdominal tissues are damaged, but the skin is intact. An open abdominal wound has a break in the skin where internal organs may protrude. Complications from abdominal wounds may include severe bleeding (either internal or external) and contamination from the contents of ruptured abdominal organs.

To assess an abdominal injury, expose the injured area and look for open wounds. Consider the history of the incident, especially the mechanism of injury. Observe the casualty’s position. Are they “guarding” their abdomen? Gently feel for swelling, rigidity, and pain.

If you suspect an abdominal injury, you should also suspect internal bleeding that may be severe. Give first aid for severe internal bleeding.

First Aid for an Open Abdominal Injury

To give first aid for an open abdominal injury, perform the following steps:

1. Perform a scene survey and a primary survey.
2. If you find an open abdominal wound, you must prevent it from opening wider. The internal organs may be displaced. Position the casualty in the semi-sitting position with the knees raised and supported.
   

   

3. Dress the wound. The method of dressing a wound of the abdominal wall depends on whether or not internal organs are protruding:
   

   

   • If the organs are not protruding, apply a dry dressing to the wound and bandage firmly.
   • If the organs are protruding, do not try to put them back into the abdomen. Put on a moist dressing to stop the organs from drying out and bandage loosely with two broad bandages.
4. Give ongoing casualty care.