Introduction to First Aid

The Role of the First Aider

First aiders do not diagnose or treat injuries or illnesses, except when they are very minor. The diagnosis and treatment of injuries or illnesses are performed by medical doctors. A first aider suspects injuries and illnesses and gives first aid at the scene.

In addition to providing first aid, it is important for the first aider to:

• Protect the casualty’s belongings.
• Keep unnecessary people away.
• Reassure family or friends of the casualty.
• Clean up the emergency scene and work to correct any unsafe conditions that may have caused the injuries in the first place.

First aiders within a workplace may have obligations and coverage under federal, provincial, and territorial legislation regarding administering medications. Refer to federal, provincial or territorial legislation and regulations for the requirements in your area.

What is First Aid?

First aid is emergency help given to an injured or suddenly ill person using readily available materials. A person who takes charge of an emergency scene and gives first aid is called a first aider. The injured or ill person is called a casualty.

The three priorities of first aid, in order of importance, are to:

• Preserve life
• Prevent the illness or injury from becoming worse
• Promote recovery

Age Considerations in First Aid and CPR

The procedures related to the provision of first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ in some ways, depending on the age and size of the casualty.

In first aid and CPR:

• An infant casualty is under one year old.
• A child casualty is from age one to age eight.
• An adult casualty is over eight years of age.

It is important to recognize that these ages are guidelines. The size of the casualty must be considered.

Assisting with Medications

First aiders may need to assist a casualty with their prescribed medications. When assisting with medications, the first aider should check the label and ensure the following Rights of Medication are met:

• Right Person – Is the name of the casualty the same as the name on the medication?
• Right Medication – Is this the right medication for this situation?
• Right Amount – What are the dosing instructions?
• Right Route – How is this medication to be taken? (Orally, inhaled, etc.)
• Right Time – Is this the right time to take this medication?
• Right Documentation – Recording what was given and when.
• Right to Refuse - Casualties have a choice in care and although the first aider can assist with medications, the casualty can say no to taking them.